The policy brief analysis of the Stanley Foundation, authored by Alex Bellamy, clearly describes how intervention encompasses much more than the use of force, which should, in fact, be used only as a last resort.

Despite this, the use of force in the third pillar is the primary point of contention with R2P for some UN member states, which has left the peaceful aspects of the pillar overlooked and rather obscure. The topic was raised consistently in the course of consultations with policymakers and experts in the ten-year review of R2P implementation as an area requiring deeper research/thinking. Therefore, this policy analysis brief is a valuable tool for international actors who are turning their focus toward strengthening implementation of R2P now and in the future. In presenting the variety of nonmilitary means of response, it is helpful for fully understanding the range of protection options available to respond to mass atrocity crimes.

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